B3LYP/6-311++G∗∗ study of structure and spin–spin coupling constant in heparin disaccharide Original Research Article

Structures of heparin disaccharide have been analyzed by DFT using the B3LYP/6-311++G∗∗ method. The optimized geometries of two forms of this disaccharide, differing in the conformation (1C4 and 2S0) of the IdoA2S residue, confirmed considerable influences of the sulfate and the carboxylate groups upon the pyranose ring geometries. The computed energies showed that disaccharide having the 1C4 form of the IdoA2S residue is more stable than that with the 2S0 form. Interatomic distances, bond and torsion angles showed that interconversion of the IdoA2S residue results in geometry changes in the GlcN,6S residue as well. Three-bond proton–proton and proton–carbon spin–spin coupling constants computed for both forms agree with the experimental data and indicate that only two chair forms contribute to the conformational equilibrium in disaccharide. Influences of the charged groups upon the magnitudes of spin–spin coupling constants are also discussed.