Elaboration dʹun indice dʹexposition a la pollution atmospherique dʹorigine automobile a lʹusage des etudes epidemiologiques

Air pollution due to motor vehicles is a worrying issue, in particular in the urban environment, all the more as a number of pollutants such as benzene and PAH are known to have carcinogenic effects. Epidemiological studies seem to be required, so a cumulated score of exposure must be developed. A correlation with pathology should be investigated. The calculation of an index of exposure to motor vehicle-related pollution requires a good assessment of pollutant emissions and a precise knowledge of pollutant transfer mechanisms by advection and spreading in built-up areas. In this study, it is proposed to use current theoretical and experimental knowledge to develop a calculation algorithm for this index. The following issues will be addressed in the presentation: an analysis of epidemiological requirements and of constraints of data acquisition using questionnaire surveys; a model for assessing, for each residential area, the average annual concentration of gaseous pollutants from motor vehicles. It will consider the environment geometry, traffic emissions and wind distributions. The model CALINE3 is used for open areas near roads and highways and the Danish model OSPM is introduced for street canyon environments.