Biological monitoring of environmental exposure to manganese in blood samples from residents of the city of Barcelona, Spain

Serum manganese levels were determined in 250 healthy subjects (122 men and 128 women) living in Barcelona in northeastern Spain. The study was designed to assess the reference levels for serum manganese and to investigate its relationship to age and sex. The age distribution ranged from 15 to 90 years. The assays were performed by means of a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The geometric mean of serum manganese concentration was 1.1 μg/l, ranging from 0.3 μg/l to 2.5 μg/l. In almost every case, the 95th upper percentiles of this element were <1.8 μg/l. No correlation between the concentration of manganese and sex could be established, but in the younger population the manganese levels were nearly three times higher than the results obtained in the older population.