Risk factors for direct heat-related hospitalization during the 2009 Adelaide heatwave: A case crossover study Original Research Article

Adelaide experienced an extreme and prolonged 13 days heatwave in summer 2009. The health impacts of this heatwave included an almost 14-fold increase in direct heat-related hospital admissions. This study aims to investigate the risk factors for this extra health burden. A case crossover study was conducted in metropolitan Adelaide to compare the characteristics of patients from the heatwave (exposure) period and non-heatwave (control) periods before and after. Direct heat-related hospitalizations were identified based on the ICD-10 codes (X30, T67, and E86). Patientsʹ data, including age, gender, indicators of health status, living conditions and socio-economic status, were collected from the South Australian Department of Health and patientsʹ case-notes from seven major Adelaide hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to estimate the odd ratios (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results indicate that living at residential aged care (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.15–0.70) and having higher number of co-morbidities (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83–0.95) reduced the risk of hospital admission for direct heat-related illnesses during the heatwave, while having renal problems (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.07–2.94), reporting a fall prior to hospitalization (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.10–3.77), receiving assistance from community (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.24–4.30), living alone (OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.32–4.40), socio-economic disadvantage (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.09–4.04) and no private health insurance (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.05–3.16) increased the risk. In conclusion, the people most at risk during the 2009 heatwave in Adelaide were those who lived alone, received help from community services, with co-existing renal problems or a risk of falls, and with a lower socio-economic status. Findings will assist in refining heat-health response systems and developing intervention programmes.