Interaction of NaCl and Cd stress on compartmentation pattern of cations, antioxidant enzymes and proteins in leaves of two wheat genotypes differing in salt tolerance

Physiological mechanisms of salinity–Cd interactions were investigated in inter- and intracellular leaf compartments of salttolerant wheat × Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) A. L?ve (syn. Agropyron elongatum) amphiploid and its salt-sensitive wheat parent (Triticum aestivum L. cv Chinese Spring). In comparison with the intracellular fluid, only very low Na+ concentrations (up to about 4 mM) were found in the intercellular leaf compartment of wheat after a 75 mM supply of NaCl. NaCl salinity led to a higher Cd concentration in leaves of the salt-sensitive genotype. Cd in the intercellular leaf compartment was not detectable. Higher K+ concentrations in the intercellular leaf compartment of the salt-sensitive genotype suggest a higher plasma membrane permeability caused by NaCl + Cd stress. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was increased in leaves of the salt-sensitive genotype under the combined NaCl and Cd stress. The highest non-specific peroxidase activities were detected under the combined stresses. It is suggested that NaCl and Cd stress in combination enhance the production of oxygen radicals and H2O2, especially in leaves of the salt-sensitive genotype. As a consequence, disturbed membrane function may cause elevated Cd concentrations in the intracellular leaf compartment under salinity. Cd did not change protein concentration and pattern in leaves. The protein content in inter-and intracellular leaf compartments of both genotypes was increased under salinity. A different protein pattern was obtained in inter- and intracellular leaf compartments. Thus, several physiological interactions between NaCl stress and Cd were found in the two wheat genotypes.