Nonlinear optical properties of tin–phthalocyanine thin films

The nonlinear optical properties of evaporated tin–phthalocyanine thin films were investigated through absorption measurement, atomic force microscopy, and transmissivity measurement using a z-scan method. The pyramidal molecules fabricated by vacuum evaporation while applying a high electric field parallel to the substrate had large third-order nonlinear susceptibility of 3.8=10y8 esu. q1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved