Theoretical study of hydrogenation process of formate on clean and Zn deposited Cu(1 1 1) surfaces

We have studied the effect of Zn on hydrogenation of formate to dioxomethylene on the Cu(1 1 1) surface by using a density functional theory±generalized gradient approximation (DFT±GGA)-pseudopotential method. We show that substitutionally adsorbed Zn changes the stability of intermediate states and the activation barrier of the hydrogenation process only slightly. On the other hand, the Zn atom adsorbed on the Cu surface stabilizes all formate, transition state, and dioxomethylene relative to the gas-phase molecules. Our results support a previously proposed reaction scheme that the adsorption state of Zn changes from substitutional to on-surface adsorption during the methanol synthesis. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved