Physico-chemical behavior of carbon materials under high temperature and ion irradiation

Carbon/carbon (C/C) composites have been chosen for the conception of the thermal shield of the “Solar Probe” space mission. To understand their behavior under solar aggressions (high temperature and ion irradiation) and know the possible interactions with the shipped-in instruments, these materials are tested in a facility that allows to partially simulate the solar environment and to carry out in situ measurements. The mass loss rate of the materials is recorded and the composition and distribution of the ejected species are followed using an opened source mass spectrometer and a post-treatment XPS analysis of the condensed species on a gold-plated copper target is also performed. Besides this, the sputtering processes of graphite at high temperature and ion irradiation have been theoretically investigated in order to understand the main parameters that can influence the erosion of the material and predict accurately the physico-chemical behavior of the C/C composites.