چكيده لاتين :
The liquefaction of palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) in phenol was carried out in
the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst in the reflux-condenser system. The
effects of the reaction temperature and sulphuric acid concentration on the liquefaction
reaction, physical , and mechanical properties of phenolated EFB (PEFB) resin
were studied. The reaction yield increased as the reaction temperature and catalyst
concentration increased from 110°C to 150°C and 3% to 8%, respectively. However, no
significant difference in results was observed between samples reacting at 130°C and
150°C using 5% and 8% catalyst. The thermal gravimetric analysis tests have indicated
that the thermal stability of PEFB increases by increasing the catalyst concentration.
However, the results do not show any important variation in the thermal stability by
increasing the liquefaction temperature. From studies of differential scanning calorimetry
it was found that the curing enthalpy of PEFB with hexamethylenetetramine increas es
by increas ing the liquefaction temperature.
