نقد روانشناختي بدبيني ابوالعلا معري

النقد النفسي لتشاوم ابي العلا المعري

چكيده: ابوالعلا معري شاعر و انديشمند نامدار عرب از بزرگان علم و ادب جهان به شمار مي رود. او شخصيتي بسيار اثرگذار داشته و جنبه هاي مختلف شخصيت وي، به ويژه بدبيني اش، شمار زيادي از متفكران در شرق و غرب را متاثر ساخته و افراد بسياري از پس نگاه او به دنيا نگريسته و مشي بدبينانه ي او را در زندگي پي-گرفته اند. در اين جستار به نقد روانشناختي شخصيت او پرداخته شده است و سعي شده كه با به كارگيري ملاك ها و نظريات روانشناسي و مطالعه ي زندگي و آثار وي، بدبيني او آسيب شناسي رواني شده و به عوامل روانشناختي آن آگاه شويم. افسردگي او كه زمينه ي اصلي بدبيني اش را فراهم كرده است، با توجه به محورهاي دريافتي هولون و جيكوبسن از تست افسردگي بك ارزيابي و براساس ديدگاه فرويد سبب شناسي شده است.

Abstract: Abul ‘Ala Al-Ma’ arri, a famous Arabic Poet and Arab philosopher, is considered as one of the greatest figures of science and literature of the world, who could perpetuate his own thoughts via poetry and literature. He had a great personality, and different aspects of his personality, particularly his pessimism have influenced many intellectuals around the world from tast to West. Also many individuals have looked at the world through his view. Many people have followed his pessimistic way of living and thinking. Regarding the importance of one of the important parts of his personality, the present study investigates the psychological criticism of his pessimism. We try to find psychological factors through applying criteria and theories of psychology and studying his life and works. In this line, his depression as the main factor of his pessimism, is evaluated based on the received Holon and Jacobsonʹs factors received from Beckʹs test, and is investigated based on Freudʹs view.