الحوارية في قصيدة «قصة شهر سنكستان» لأخوان وقصيدة «الفقر والسقام» للرصافي

Comparative Study of “Dialogical Principle” in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavan and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi

Poetry turns to be an art in the contemporary era in order to interact with others and society. Contemporary poets are not inconsiderate to their countries and attempt to react for them, propose strategy and talk to society’s elements. Thus many contemporary poets unlike old poets possess dialogical principle and its elements such as reciprocal conversation, vocative phrases, carnival, multilingual and chronotope notably. Mahdi Akhavān-Sāles – Iranian contemporary poet – and Marouf Al Rusafi – Iraqi contemporary poet – are the ones whose poetries are full of social concepts and fought against colonization and exploitation and tried to solve social problems with a dialogical field and conversational process. Therefore the present research attempts to survey dialogical principle by Mikhail Bakhtin in “Sangestan Village” Ode by Akhavān-Sāles and “Poverty & Sickness” Ode by Marouf Al Rusafi comparatively. The results show that the abovementioned odes were created because of social conditions and two poets tried to transfer their experiences by enjoying dialogical principle and using its indicatives in order to have effective and symbolic discourse. Both poets’ emphasis was on dialogical principle by applying vocative, interrogative, exclamatory, imperative, chronotope and carnival phrases. The applied method in the research is descriptive – analytical based on American school of comparative literature.