دراسة الوظائف الاجتماعية في روايتي «السنوات الغائمة» و«عناقيد الغضب» علي أساس النقد التكويني

Sociology Applications of “Cloudy Years” and “The Grapes of Wrath” Emphasizing Formative Criticism

Formative and structuralism criticism approach by Lucien Goldmann (1913-1970) is contemporary anthropocentric issues. This theory tries to discover hidden predominant rules on all human relations. The main aim of Goldmann by criticism is achieving work’s ideology and it’s relation with a specific social group. “The Grapes of Wrath” novel by John Steinbeck criticizes injustice and inequality in America’s labor society and economic crisis and depression. The mentioned novel owns many similarities with “Cloudy Years” novel by Darvishian which has precise viewpoint to poor classes in Reza Khaan era focusing labor literature and sociological damages in order to reform poor people’s lives. The main difference between “Cloudy Years” and “The Grapes of Wrath” is the complete description of problematic characters’ lives which is not in “The Grapes of Wrath” and just part of their lives are brought. Thus “Cloudy Years” is an expressive document of the proletariat life in delicate era of pre Islamic revolution battle. “Cloudy Years” expresses long and hazardous path of needy people and the way they become informed; since the heroes of “The Grapes of Wrath” are at the beginning of their class understanding.