چكيده فارسي :
It goes without saying that translation and interpretation play a crucial role in human communications. In the process of transferring the sense form the source language (SL) to the target language (TL), translators play a pivotal role. At times they act like a bridge connecting two different cultures. By translation, new thoughts, philosophies and points of views are entered into different languages. In many countries, like Iraq, there is a pressing need for the translation of scientific and socio-cultural knowledge.
