تطور المسالة الديمقراطية والنظام الانتخابي من خلال نموذج حركة الديمقراطيين الاشتراكيين بتونس 1978- 2010

Since 1959, Tunisia has witnessed the first pluralistic parliamentary elections in the country of independence. The ruling Constitutional Party and the Tunisian Communist Party participated in it. But five years did not pass until the ruling political leadership in the constitutional party conference in 1964 approved the one-party system, and since then the electoral system has become a one-party system where there is no competition or struggle in order to defend multiple approaches. The voting system was based on the majority list in one round. The lists were one (1969 and closed.) With the crisis that the authority witnessed following the failure of the experiment of solidarity (the socialist experiment of 1964), the ruling regime turned to a kind of liberalism embodied in the Constitutional Party conference in 1971, which emphasized that the democratic issue is a vital issue in the development of the political system. The first demands were Pluralism within the ruling party, but President Porviba's rejection of any pluralism or criticism of his absolute influence forced the liberal group within the ruling party to leave it and gradually move towards establishing a second party. The Socialists in June 1978. The birth of the new party was accompanied by the passage of the country with severe crises, the most prominent of which were the bloody conflict between the authority and the trade unio‎n organization on January 26, 1978, then the external attack on the city of Fafsa in southern Tunisia in 1980. The Social Democrats considered that getting out of the crisis requires solving two main problems: The first: moving from one party to pluralism The second: modifying the electoral magazine and the constitution to keep pace with pluralism NS. Political reforms under Porviba were very slow. The 1981 elections expressed a rupture between the authority and the elites of civil society, as it was rigged on the largest scale when the ruling party felt that its existence was threatened in some circles. In the aftermath of the elections, some attempts at reform began, with the recognition of plurality of parties in 1983 under the chapter of the Associations Law, as pluralism was not stipulated in the constitution.