چكيده فارسي :
In studying the history of Asian and African countries, the colonial period plays an important role in understanding their history, religion, tradition and culture. Things Fall Apart is an English novel by the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, published in 1957, which shows the African culture, their religious and traditions through the Igbo society. This novel captures the colonial period and its effect on Igbo society. It is a response and a record of control of western colonialism on the traditional values of the African people. This paper treats the novel as a postcolonial text, by focusing on the clash between occupied and colonizers, the clash between tradition and change, and the clash between different cultures, The Europe Empire and the African natives.African Literature forms a main part of twentieth century world literature. The term African Literature is define by many Critics in different ways. The argument mainly revolves on the issue whether it means the writing produced by those living in Africa irrespective of tradition, culture and nationality or whether it means the work which is produced by writers of black origin only. It has been decisively agreed that African Literature represents the writing of African nationals carrying African soil reflecting African native culture and tradition;1Those who their hearts beat with Africa. During colonization period, a great amount of African Literature was presented. In the colonial period, Africans were exposed to Western languages began to write using such languages. Among those African countries was Nigeria. It has been hard-done by the European colonizers during the Colonial and Imperialist Periods. After stopping the slave trade in 1807, the British decided to guard the African west coast in order to protect it, having taken over the Nigerian region in the early 1900s. Through colonizing Nigeria, the British Empire ruled over more than 250 tribes, each tribe had its own language and customs.2 The colonizer started to force its own language. Such practices were faced by producing new African Literature, a literature which concentrates on nationality and Africa internal issues during the colonial and postcolonial period which was known later as Postcolonial Literature. The term Postcolonial is a critical approach or a literary theory that deals with literature produced by the countries that were or still under the effect of the colonial power. It may also deal with the literature which is written by citizens of colonizing countries that takes colonies or their peoples as its subject matter. Postcolonial theory became a critical toolbox for many critics in the 1970s, Edward Said’s book Orientalism is considered as the founding work of postcolonial. In his book, Said points out to the anti-humanist understanding of the contiguity between Western knowledge and colonial power.
