جمالية التكرار في سورة الإسراء دراسة تحليلية في ضوء لسانيات النص

زيبايي شناسي تكرار در سوره اسراء (پژوهشي در مطالعات زبانشناسي متن)

"تكرار" يك پديده ادبي زيبا شناختي و از عناصر مهم يك متن ادبي است. اين پديده از ديرباز در بين علما به عنوان يكي از محسنات علم بديع مطرح، و از اهميت بالايي برخوردار بوده است. اما وظيفه تكرار در علم زبانشناسي متن، از يك فن بديعي در كلام فراتر رفته است و از آنجا كه بر اساس تاكيد وتكرار مفاهيم استوار است، لذا نقش مهمي در ربط بين اجزاء متن و انسجام بخشي آن پيدا كرده است، بگونه اي كه متن را به كليتي يكپارچه تبديل ميكند. قرآن كريم به عنوان برترين متن ادبي، منبع اصلي اين مقاله است. وجود واحدهاي همسان در سطح سوره "إسراء" و مفاهيم همسوي آن، بررسي هاي روشمند مطابق با الگوي زبانشناختي متن، جهت تبيين نقش تكرار در انسجام بخشي اين سوره وهمچنين ميزان تعامل اين گزاره با محورهاي اصلي سوره را ضروري ميشمارد. درراستاي اين اهداف، پژوهشگر با تكيه بر روش توصيفي-تحليلي، بعد از بررسي داده ها، بدين نتيجه رسيد كه: سوره اسراء به سه محور اصلي: (معبود حقيقي، عبد حقيقي و گمراهان) تقسيم ميشود، كه محور "معبود حقيقي" به عنوان محور اصلي بيشترين عناصر تكرار را به خود اختصاص داده است. از ميان اقسام تكرار در نزد زبانشناسان (تكرار عيني، ترادف، شمول معنايي، وكلمات عامه)، تكرار عيني بالاترين نقش را در انسجام بخشي اين سوره دارد.

Repetition is an aesthetic literary phenomenon and an important element in the literary text. This phenomenon has long been considered among scholars as one of the virtues of rhetoric and has been of great importance. Repetition goes beyond being merely a rhetorical technique of speech in text linguistics science and, since it is based on the emphasis and recurrence of concepts, it has found an important role in linking the parts of a text and its cohesion, so that it turns the text into an integrated whole. Text scholars have been interested in repetition, as it is one of the important tools of cohesion and in fact the repetition of words that have the same reference within a text causes the stability and continuity of the text. The author of the text repeats a word, phrase, sentence or paragraph to achieve a semantic function that leads to the coherence of the text. Repetition in its various forms helps the recipient to remember the content of the text so that the basic idea of ​​the text is rooted in his mind; that is, repetition creates a common ground between the sentences, which contributes to the coherence of the text and making it an integrated unit. There are various repetition patterns, including complete repetition, partial repetition, synonymous repetition, and sentence repetition. Among the types of repetition, we used Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan patterns which include total repetition, synonymy, hyponymy and common words. The complete and partial repetition of verbs and nouns falls under the total repetition. According to this theory, the vision in repetition expands from the level of the sentence to the level of the text. The Holy Quran, as the best literary text, serves as the main source of this article. The existence of identical units at the level of Surah Al-Isra and its related concepts make necessary the methodical investigations in accordance with the text linguistics model, in order to explain the role of repetition in the cohesion of this surah and the extent of its interaction with the main concepts of this surah. During the research process and with regard to Surah Al-Isra, the researchers did not find any independent studies on the role of repetition and its different patterns in the textual coherence of Surah Al-Isra, and accordingly, the present study was carried out as follows: Presenting a combination of the views of ancient and contemporary linguists about the phenomenon of “repetition”; referring to the patterns of repetition in its two aspects (rhetorical and linguistic); choosing “worship” as the central theme of Surah Al-Isra, with its sub-themes of the true God, the true servant, and those who go astray from true worship; and analyzing the verses of the surah based on these three themes. Therefore, the approach followed to clarify the research problem was the descriptive method in the theoretical section, while the application section was functional and analytical, focusing on the functional use of the method of repetition and its positions in Surah Al-Isra. In line with these goals, the researchers, relying on the descriptive-analytical method, after reviewing the data, concluded that Surah Al-Isra is divided into three main themes (the true God, the true servant, and the misguided who go astray from true worship), all of which play a role in the coherence of the surah, and that the theme of the “true God” as the main axis has the highest number of elements of repetition. Also, among the types of repetition for linguists (total repetition, synonymy, hyponymy, and common words), total repetition has the highest role in the cohesion of this surah.