صيغ الخطاب الرّوائيّ في بداية ونهاية لـ نجيب محفوظ (دراسة تحليليّة تطبيقيّة)

This study is about the formulas of different structural components of the novelist discourse, it takes a novel beginning and end for the novelist Nagiib Mahfouz as an applicable model to show the cohesion and links in its structural intersections, and showing its variations level. an‎d formulas in the novel include the narrative form and the direct and indirect presentation and the paraphrased texts Paraphrase the text indicating the source of which has been extracted from. an‎d each formula has its own characteristics and its particular sender and receiver. an‎d to show these formulas cohesion and intersecting in the novel it has been divided into six units which were defined to show its composed varieties linking it with the stories actions and analyzing the major formulas followed by the minor formulas which all composed to form the general speech structural components of the novel.