چكيده لاتين :
Background & purpose : Current severe and rapid weight loss is being used by wrestlers to qualify for competition. The purpose of this study was to investigate of rapid weight loss and effects on Mazandaran elite wrestlers since 1970 , a lot of researchers have been done about the study of weight-management patterns between highschool and university wrestlers. In spite of medicion societys awares. Wrestlers decrease their weght through limiting receiving water and food. In order to reach the climax of performance , the best way is gradual reducing the fat and maintaining the mascular context. But many wrestlers are made to use methods in which the muscular contexts don’t reduce.
Methodology: The research was a discretional and applicational study, and the investigation pattern was an after occurrence. Standard questionnaire of appliger (2003) were used for this study. Fifty eight of Mazandaran elite wrestlers (14 adolescent, 24 youth and 20 adult), with means of age (16.30±0.55, 19.61±0.85, 24.70±2.28Year) and means of weight (54.60±13.68,78.76±19.43, 74.32±16.85 KG) respectively were used for this study. All data were analyzed by Analyses of Variance (One Way ANOVA), Mann-Whitney U and Chi Square(X2) Tests by using Excel and SPSS (Version 16). All results are expressed as means ± SD. significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05.
Result: The data indicate that mean of rapid weight loss was 4.4, 3.41 and 2.77 Kg in adults, youth and adolescents wrestlers, respectively. The mean of number of rapid weight loss in the adults, youth, and adolescents was 7.30, 4.30, 2.30, times, respectively. Most method that were used for reducing weight by wrestlers included : gradual dieting (%52.1), increasing of exercises(%54.12),restricting food (%37.13),and sauna (%35.87). most complications of rapidweightloss,were muscle cramps (%33.62) , irritability (%45.74) , dizziness(%33.36) , decreased concentration(%29.35) and increased heart rate(%27.52). Furthermore in adolescents and youth wrestlers, coaches (%85.68 and %80.80, respectively) and former wrestlers (%71.40 and %58.68, respectively) were more effective for rapid reducing of weight but in adult specialists of nutrition were more effective (%).The result of reducing weight through diet exercing and deleting one meal and sauna matches with the conclusions of other studies such as visinger et al(23), oppliger et al(1993,1998,2003)(16,17,18)marquat et al(14), kingham et al(9) and bradly(4), but it was against the conclusion of researches of estin et al (21) alderman et al(2).the period of serious hunger in the all three ags , was higher than the amount which was reported by oppliger and et al(1993,1998)(16,17)and kingham et al(9). But it was lower than the results of marquat et al(14) and 50 percent lower than bradlys patterns(4). A boute the parents role, this researchs result was against the results of marquat et al(14), oppliger et al (1993)(16), visinger et al(23) , lakin et al(12) and kingham et al. the result of over eating after weght measuring was matched to the research of opliger et al. the least level of over eating before the match was equal to the results ostin et al(22) and oppliger et al(18).
Discussion: Finally conclude that the methods rapid weight loss on Mazandaran`s wrestlers is varied and coaches have the most effect on rapid weight loss of wrestlers. Also, rapid weight loss has negative effect on behavior and mood.
