كليدواژه :
عملكرد و اجزاء عملكرد , لوبيا قرمز , كود نيتروژن , تنش خشكي
چكيده فارسي :
به منظور بررسي اثر سطوح مختلف كم آبياري و نيتروژن بر عملكرد و برخي صفات فيزيولوژيك دو رقم لوبيا قرمز، آزمايشي به
صورت خرده شده فاكتوريل در قالب طرح بلوكهاي كامل تصادفي با چهار تكرار در مزرعه پژوهشي پرديس كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي
دانشگاه تهران (كرج) در سال زراعي 94- 1393 اجرا گرديد. تنش خشكي به عنوان عامل اصلي در سه سطح شامل آبياري نرمال (60
ميلي متر تبخير تجمعي از تشتك تبخير)، تنش خفيف و شديد خشكي پس از مرحله 4 برگي (به ترتيب 90 و 120 ميلي متر تبخير تجمعي از تشتك تبخير) بود و تيمار كودي در چهار سطح صفر (شاهد) 50, 100 و 150 كيلوگرم نيتروژن در هكتار و دو رقم كويا (رقم اختر ولاين D81083) به صورت فاكتوريل در كرتهاي فرعي قرار گرفتند. نتايج آزمايش نشان داد كه تنش خشكي به طور معني داري سبب كاهش عملكرد دانه و شاخص برداشت گرديد. همچنين اثر متقابل تنش خشكي كود نيتروژن بر روي محتوي كلروفيل كل در سطح احتمال له درصد معنادار شد. لاين D81083 نسبت به رقم اختر از لحاظ عملكرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و برخي صفات فيزيولوژيكي برتري داشت. با توجه به نتايج حاصل از اين پژوهش توصيه مي شود ميزان 100 كيلوگرم كود نيتروژني از منبع اوره در شرايط تنش خشكي ( 120 ميلي متر تبخير تجمعي از سطح تشتك كلاس A)، مي تواند در كاهش صدمات تنش خشكي موثر باشد.
چكيده لاتين :
To study the effects of different levels of irrigation and nitrogen on yield and yield components of two varieties of red kidney
beans, a factorial split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at
research farm of College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran (Karaj) in 2015. Three irrigation levels
comprised of 60 (normal), 90 (mild water stress) and 120 mm (sever) cumulative evaporation from open pan were assigned
as main plots, four fertilizer treatments of zero (control), 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha-1 and two bean cultivars (Akhtar &
D81083) compound in as sub plots. The mild and severe water stress commenced after 4th leaf stage onwards. The results
showed that water stress significantly reduces the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, seed weight, seed yield, biological
yield, harvest index, number of branches and plant height. Applied nitrogen fertilizer significantly intensified all traits, except
pod weight, plant height and harvest index. Two varieties of kidney beans significantly differed in all traits; however the line
D81083 in terms of grain yield, biological and other components performed better than the Akhtar line. The D81083 line at
normal irrigation with 150 kg N ha-1 and the Akhtar line at water stress condition with no N fertilizer application, respectively had the highest and the lowest harvest index and seed weight. The interaction of water stress and nitrogen
fertilizer on grain yield showed that the treatments of 150 kg N ha- in normal irrigation had the highest and the control (not
fertilizer) under severe water stress had the lowest yield however, the difference between 100 and 150 kg N ha- was not
significant. The results showed that nitrogen supply for crops in water stress conditions can somewhat reduce the impact of
drought conditions, but the cultivar yield reaction and other traits in response to rise nitrogen levels at normal condition
compared to drought condition was inconsistent more and have created significant differences between different levels of
nitrogen.
