كليدواژه :
علم سنجي , شاخص سازي علوم , كارآفريني , دانشكده هاي كشاورزي ايران
چكيده فارسي :
اين نوشتار، گزارش بخشي از پژوهش بررسي وضعيت علوم در كشور بوده كه ضمن بهره مندي از اهداف و رويكردعلم سنجي ، بطور جامع طراحي و به من ظور بررسي وضعيت علوم كشاورزي و منابع طبيعي در كشور و ارائه پيشنهادهاي از اقدامات و بالنتيجه دستاوردهاي اوليه ،«شاخص سازي» عملي براي آينده اي بهتر اجرا گرديد. طراحي الگوي مطالعه و طراحي و پس از تعريف انواع پژوهش هاي «روش اسنادي و كتابخانه اي» اين پژوهش است. الگوي مطالعه با استفاده از كمي و كيفي مورد نياز، به تدوين ابزار سنجش مبادرت گرديد. در اين مطالعه، وضعيت كارآفريني به عنوان يكي از مولفه هاي شاخص ساختاري علوم، مورد بررسي و عملكرد دانشگاه هاي دولتي كشور در ابعاد مختلف واكاوي و مقايسه شده است . اطلاعات مورد نياز با مراجعه مستقيم، جستجوي كامپيوتري، استخراج از گزارش ها و منابع كتابخانه اي بدست آمد و مورد تجزيه و تحليل و نهايتاً تنظيم جداول و تدوين گزارش قرار گرفت.
يافته هاي اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد دانشگاههاي مورد مطالعه از لحاظ وضعيت نشانگر ترويجي - توجيهي كارآفريني در موقعيتي مطلوب قرار داشته، لكن نشانگرهاي آموزشي و پژوهشي در فعاليت هاي كارآفريني ضعيف بوده و نيازمند توجه بيشتر مسئولين به اين حيطه مي باشد. مقايسه عملكرد دانشگاههاي مختلف در توسعه كارآفريني گوياي تفاوت چشمگير بين آنها است و تحليل اين وضعيت لزوم توسعه فعاليت هاي فوق برنامه در كشور را تاكيد مي كند
چكيده لاتين :
The I. R. of Iran assumes much importance to wheat production and its sustainability, as it
accounts for the major source of foodstuff. This is a country with severe water scarcity bearing
only 250 mm rainfall per year (30% of world average). Hence, “drought” seems a frequent
phenomenon over the country. To this end, improvement of water management in agriculture
deserves a crucial role in increased agro crops. No doubt, the effective way for protection and
sustaining the agro-water resources mainly focuses on up-scaling farmers' knowledge and
awareness of water management. Therefore, the main purpose of this study goes to identify the
key factors geared to wheat growers' knowledge of agro-water management in Semnen province.
The current study enjoys a descriptive-correlation analysis via survey method. Its target
population consisted of wheat growers in Semnan province. They formed 15364 individuals, of
whom 375 farmers were selected through proportional stratified sampling method. Validity of the
questionnaire was achieved by a panel of experts and came up with the certain correction.
Reliability of the questionnaire was also realized by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient at 0.83.
Wheat growers' knowledge in Semnan was estimated at weak, fair, good, and excellent levels
representing that they mostly posed an average awareness of agro-water management. Findings
state that most of wheat farmers are exploited wells and streams for irrigation purpose and plot
farming and irrigation is the major style in their business. There are other conclusions including
there exists negative and significant relationship between variables of age, farming background,
and wheat growing experience and their knowledge of agro-water management, whereas a
positive and significant relationship governs between farmers' education level, performance level,
farm area, total irrigated farms area, wheat farms area, economic status, level of contact with
extension experts, level of using communication channels, and extent of social participation and
their knowledge of agro-water management. Also there exist significant differences between/
among categories of variables including levels of contact with extension workers, type of
farming, type of wheat cultivation, type of land tenure, types of water resources, and types of
irrigation on awareness of water management. Results of multiple linear step-wise regression
disclosed that variables of wheat performance, communication channels, extension exposure,
social status and economic condition of wheat farmers represented 60.6 % of variances in their
technical knowledge of agro-water management.
