چكيده فارسي :
This paper, which is one of the results of a joint research with both Professor Masami Sekine at Nippon Sport Science University in Japan and Professor Jesús Ilundáin-Agurruza at Linfield College in the United States, explores Eastern philosophical tradition and its connection to sport, physical activity, martial arts, and dance. It will be helpful for the interpretation to and understanding of modern sport. To adequately cover these traditions, discussion assumes unfamiliarity and centers on main tenets, methodologies, practical applications, and relevance to twenty-first-century sporting concerns.
Eastern philosophy, such as Indian philosophy, Chinese philosophy and Japanese philosophy, is well known in the whole world. The basic concepts of Indian philosophy are threaded their way from early Hindu traditions through Buddhism and on to other Asian philosophies. Chinese philosophy is famous for its native Confucianism and Daoism. The author look at, especially here in this paper, Japanese philosophy in Zen Buddhism and martial arts.
Japanese scholars bring together insights on body and practice under an explicit, formalized system that is both social and personal. It entails a multiplicity of practices, dō, ways of cultivation, such as traditional martial arts, Zen garden design, or sadō, the way of Japanese tea ceremony. Each dō has methodological particularities that amount to different paths to the same ultimate goal. That is, the process of corporeal self-cultivation is tailored. Some involve quiet meditation, others movement, and others coordination with a partner or tools. In its own way, when successful, each is not simply a means or merely a path, but an end, a destination. It is said that “the truth of Zen really lies in the concrete things of our daily life.” This issue is considered with specific reference to kyūdō, one of the Japanese traditional martial art of archery. We grant our inner selves opportunities for “self-overcoming,” which is separate from victory. Focus on a course of methodical action and self-overcoming exist not “outcomes” but as processes.”
