Energy Management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

As the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technology has great advancement, small and smart WSN systems now can be used for more complicated and challenging applications. WSNs investigation has primarily believed the use of a convenient and inadequate energy source for empowering the sensors. A sensor becomes useless in the absence of energy and becomes the sun able to contribute to the utility of the network as a group. Therefore, extensive efforts have been used in finding energy-efficient networking protocols for increasing the life span of WSNs. Energy management in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is of paramount importance for the remotely deployed energy stringent sensor nodes. These nodes are typically powered by attached batteries. Several battery-driven energy conservation schemes are proposed to ensure energy efficient network operation. The constraints associated with the limited battery capacity shifted the research trend towards finding alternate sources by harvesting ambient energy. Piezoelectricity stems from the Greek word “piezo” for pressure and the word “electric” for electricity. The main advantage of piezoelectric materials is the high amount of voltage they can provide. Recently, energy transference based approaches are proposed, in which energy can be transferred to the field to an energy deficient node. These energy deficient nodes are deployed in locations with limited harvesting opportunities from the environment. The wireless energy transfer is now considered as the most promising technology