پيمايشِ سرچشمه‌ي تنديس‌وارگي در رازي‌گري

Exploring the Creating Constituents of Sculpturalism in Architecture

جهانِ نوين در مقابلِ دنياي كهن، منظري متفاوت از هستي عرضه مي‌دارد، كه برخاسته از باورهاي عقلي و انسان‌مداري‌ست. آغازِ چنين انديشه‌اي به‌زماني بازمي‌گردد كه بشر، به‌عنوانِ محورِ سنجشِ تماميِ ارزش‌ها مطرح شد و نگاهِ خويش را از ماورا به درون بركشيد؛ آن‌چنان‌كه ارزيابيِ دوباره‌ي تماميِ پيش‌فرض و فهم‌ها را سرلوحه‌ي سردرِ سامانِ فكري و عقلي‌اش نهاد. پس از نخستين جنگِ جهاني، حاجت به‌احداثِ شمارِ فراواني از انواعِ ابنيه، و كاراييِ اصولِ معماريِ مدرن ازبراي اجراي آن‌ها، موجباتِ توسعه‌ي نوگرايي در آبادگري را فراهم آوَرد. متدرجاً، توجه به طبيعت و هم‌چنين تنديس‌گرايي، تنوعي در احجامِ ساده‌ي نوظهور ايجاد نمود. در آن دوران، معماراني كه گرايش به ساخت و سازِ تنديس‌وارانه داشتند، طراحي و مجسمه‌سازي را مانندِ دو رودخانه مي‌دانستند كه در هردو يك آب جريان دارد. پژوهشِ پيشِ رو در پيِ آن‌ست تا به‌ياريِ استنتاج‌هاي بن‌فكنانه‌ي كيفي متعين سازد كه سه ركنِ شكل، سازه، و ابعاد -به‌عنوانِ زيرمجموعه‌هاي فرم- در تنديس‌گون نمودنِ ساختمان سهمي اساسي دارند. نيز در نهايت، در عهدي جدي‌ست تا با بررسيِ چند مورد به‌روشِ مقابسه‌اي و تطبيقي، ماتريسي ارائه دهد تا عناصرِ مؤثر بر شاخص بودنِ عمارت‌هاي منظور را موردِ واكاويِ انضمامي نهد.

In contrast to traditional one, modern world presents a different prospect of universe, which is derived from rationalism and humanism. The origin of this philosophy dates back to a time, in which the human beings were proposed as a comparison scale for all values. After the First World War, the need for large numbers of various types of construction, as well as suitale performance of modern architecture caused the development of modernism movement in architecture. Gradually, considering the nature and also sculpturesque led to a diversity in simple modern volumes. Though sculpturalism is often considered as a subordinate of modern thought that is brought from symbolism in which form plays an intrinsic role; but its commencement belongs to the archaic epochs in which some distinct type of buildings were manufactured in great dimentions in order to be ruling. As this paper suggests, shape, structure and size, as subsidiaries of form, are the essential parts which could transform an architecture outcome into a sculpture subject. The introduction of the computer in the late twentieth century, grant architects almost unlimited freedom in the issue of making complicated forms. This was a major factor in the incorporation of the very sophisticated geometries, which appeared in architecture. This research intends to reach the precise meanings of sculpturalism in architecture, along with obtaining its roots in buildings manifestation. Firstly, the alteration of art styles in the viewpoints of traditionalists are discussed. In the successive section, precise definition of pre-modern, modern and post-modern eras, beside their prevailing methods like symbolism, expressionism, cubism, purism, brutalism and specifically sculpturalism are considered. Then, blend of sculpturesque and structuralism are studied. Eventually, by comparative analyzing and evaluative scrutinizing of some dominant projects in various historical epochs, the crucial components wich have made them articulate remarkably, would be delivered.