Chemical contituents of the Essential oil from the Stems of Salvia oligophylla Auch. ex Benth. Which is Endemic to Iran

The genus Salvia with over 900 species is probably the largestmember of the family Lamiacea and is found in both subtropical and temperate parts of the world. The two largest centers of the genus are in America and in South-West Asia. Fifty eight annual or perennial species of the genus are found in Iran of which 17 are endemic [1]. Some Salvia species are used in folk medicine for the treatment of asthma, eczema, psoriasis and tuberculosis. The antibacterial, antituberculous and antiphlogisticactivities of the constituents of Salvia species are well established [2]. The composition of volatile compounds is known for a number of species. Water distilled oil obtained from the aerial parts of S.sclareopsis and S.verbascifolia have been the subject of our previous studies. Both oils were rich in β-caryophyllene (22.5% and 18.5%) and germacrene D (16.5% and 34.1%), respectively [3]. The stems of S.oligophylla, which is endemic to Iran, was collected from Ilam, in July 2015. The oil obtained by solvent free microwave extraction (SFME) method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Thirty –three compounds in the stem oil of S.oligophylla, which represented about 86.4% of the total oil were indentified. The oil of S.oligophylla consisted of one oxygenated monoterpene (0.2%), twelve sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (26.3%), fifteen oxygenated sesquiterpenes (49.7%), one aliphatic compound (0.6%) and four diterpenes (9.6%). The major components of this oil were spathulenol (27.7%) and caryophyllene oxide (11.9%). Other notable constituents were β-caryophyllene (8.8%), sclareoloxide (6.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (6.3%). As can be seen from the above information the stem oil of S.oligophylla was characterized by high amounts of sesquiterpenes (76.0%).