سبك‌هاي دلبستگي به عنوان پيشآيند براي پرخاشگري در كودكان پيش دبستاني

Attachment Styles as Predicting of Aggression among Preschoolers

سبك‌هاي دلبستگي به عنوان پيشآيند براي پرخاشگري در كودكان پيش دبستاني خاتون پورمودت سيده محدثه حسيني مقدم2 مرضيه پورمودت3 وحيده صلاح4 مهرانگيز بهروزي 5 1- عضو هيات علمي دانشگاه پيام نور 2- دانشجوي كارشناسي دانشگاه پيام نور 3- آموزگار اموزش و پرورش استان بوشهر گناوه 4- آموزگار اموزش و پرورش استان فارس شيراز 5- دانشجوي كارشناسي ارشد دانشگاه ازاد شيراز خلاصه: هدف: موضوع پرخاشگري در بين كودكان به خصوص در مدارس و پيش دبستاني ها دغدغه فكري والدين مربيان و معلمان مي‌باشد و سوال اساسي بيشتر آنها اين است كه چگونه با پرخاشگري كودكان برخورد شود. در پاسخ گفته مي‌شود كه مهترين اقدام شناسايي عامل پرخاشگري است يكي از اين عوامل شيوه فرزندپروري و تعامل با كودك است بنابراين در اين پژوهش سعي شده است كه به اين سوال پاسخ داده شود كه آيا دلبستگي كودكان قادر به پيش‌بيني پرخاشگري در انها مي‌باشد. روش: در اين پژوهش تعداد 75 دختر و پسر پيش دبستاني بوسيله پرسشنامه مشكلات رفتاري شهيم و يوسفي (1378) و پرسشنامه دلبستگي پرسشنامه روابط مياني دلبستگي (KCAQ)توسط والدين سنجيده شدند. يافته‌ها: ضريب همبستگي پيرسون نشان داد كه بين مولفه دلبستگي تكامل انظباقي مثبت با پرخاشگري (32/-r= و004/. pP). يافته‌هاي به دست آمده از جدول تحليل رگرسيون نيز حاكي از آن است كه احتمالا حدود 48 درصد از تغييرات مشاهده¬شده در پرخاشگري مربوط به مؤلفه‌هاي دلبستگي است. رگرسيون چندمتغيره نشان مي‌دهد كه مؤلفه‌ي تكامل و انطباقي مثبت (14/4- t= و0001/. p

Attachment Styles as Predicting of Aggression among Preschoolers Objective: Child aggression — especially among school and preschool children — is a major concern for parents educators and teachers. Meanwhile the main question is how should we deal with child aggression? The most important action is to identify the cause of aggression. Parenting style and parent-child interaction are two important factors in this regard. Therefore this study investigated whether child attachment can predict aggression or not. Research method: In this research 75 pre-school boys and girls were selected and their level of attachment was measured by their parents using Shahim and Yousefi s behavior problems questionnaire (1999) and kinship center attachment questionnaire (KCAQ). Findings: Pearson correlation coefficients showed that there were significant correlations between the components of positive adaptive evolution and aggression (r= -0.32 P 0.004) negative emotional reaction and aggression (r= 0.47 and P 0.0001) negative behavior and aggression (r= 0.49 P 0.0001) and avoidance of attachment figure s support (r= 0.44 and P 0.0001). Multivariate regression analysis was employed to determine the effect of attachment components as the predictive variables on aggression as the criterion variable. The observed F was significant (P 0.0001). Findings of regression analysis table also indicated that about 48% of the observed changes in aggression may be associated with attachment components. Multivariate regression analysis showed that components of positive adaptive evolution (t = -4.14 and p 0.04) can have significant effects on prediction of aggression. The component of positive adaptive evolution had a standardized coefficient of 0.46 and was a stronger predictor. Discussion and conclusion: Findings showed that there were significant correlations between aggression with attachment components of positive adaptive evolution negative emotional reaction negative behavior and avoidance of attachment figure s support. Also components of positive adaptive evolution and emotional reaction can well predict the aggression. Therefore it is suggested to conduct further studies to reduce aggression through modification of parent-child interaction and to change attachment styles through training parents.