NANOPOROUS METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORK MATERIALS IN ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING AND BIOSENSING APPLICATIONS

Recently, there have been increased attention in using nanoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for modifying electrodes and for construction of electrochemical-based sensors in sensing and biosensing applications. This is perhaps due to their highly porous nature that provide a very high electrode surface area and interactions of metal ions or linkers in their structures with the electro-active analytes to accumulate them on the electrode surface. The major problem with these materials is the low electrical conductivity nature of MOF materials. One solution to this problem is using composites of MOFs with electrically conductive nanostructured carbonbased materials such as carbon nanotubes or nanographenes. The nanostructured carbon-based materials provide high conductivity and high density of electrochemically active sites on the surface of electrodes.