حق زن در برخورداري ازنفقه (از منظر حقوق شهروندي)

مذاهب اسلامي ازحقوق خود درقانون مدني ايران آگاه باشند ازجمله مسايل احوال شخصيه، نفقه‌ِي زن است، تا زمانيكه زن تمكين كند درقانون مدني ايران ومذاهب اسلامي برشوهر واجب است وهرگاه بدون عذرشرعي از آن استنكاف كند، مستحق نفقه نحواهد بود. برجسته ترين دستاورد اين مقاله كه درآن ازروش تحليلي- توصيفي و با تطبيق ومقارنه‌ِي مذاهب وقانون مدني استفاده شده اين است: كه ازنظر مذاهب وقوانين، نفقه‌ِي زن برمرد درصورت تمكين واجب است. مذاهب اماميه وحنفيه معتقدند درصورت عدم پرداخت نفقه، جدايي صورت مي گيرد اما براساس راي جمهور مذاهب سه گانه جدايي حاصل نمي شود وازنظر قانون، اگرامكان اجراي حكم دادگاه مبني برپرداخت نفقه وجود نداشته باشد، زن نمي‌تواند ازدادگاه درخواست طلاق اجباري كند. مذاهب وقانون اتفاق نظردارند كه نفقه ومسكن زن مدخوله درطلاق رجعي، درايام عده واجب است زيرا پيوند زوجيت همچنان باقي است. مذاهب اسلامي وقانون اختلافي ندارند كه زن مطلقه به طلاق بائن، خلع ويا جدايي ناشي ازفسخ، درصورت حمل ازنفقه ومسكن برخوردار خواهد بود؛ وجمهور مذاهب معتقدند زن درعده‌ء وفات نفقه ندارد خواه حامله باشد يا نباشد؛ اما مطابق مذهب اماميه، نفقه ازسهم فرزند واجب است، وقانون مدني مي گويد: پرداخت نفقهء زن درعده‌ء وفات (درصورت عدم پرداخت) به صورت عندالمطالبه ازاموال نزديكاني كه نفقه برعهده‌ء آنهاست پرداخت مي‌‌شود.

: Studying and surveying the subject of personal status ,which is related to dairy issues of each Islamic family, in the Islamic religious schools in comparison to Iranian civil law is very important ; since the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran in its twelve principal permits the followers of other Slamic religious schoos to follow their religious schools. So it is important for the followers of the religious schools to be familiar with their rights in the field of personal status. One of them is the alimony of the wife, which,according to the Iranian civil law and Slamic schools,is obligatory for the husbandl if the wife is submissive. But if the woman disobeys with no legal excuse, she doesn t deserve the alimony. The most significant result of this article,which is based on analytical_descriptive and comparative method, is that in the point of view of Iranian civil law and the Slamic religious schools the alimony of the wife is obligatory for the husband,if the woman is submissive. The Imamia and Hanafia schools believe that if the alimony isn t payed, diverse will accure. But the other three schools believe that the diverse won t accure. According to the civil law if the possibility of performing the courts judgment isn t possible,the wife cannot ask the court to have obligatory divorce.The civil law and Slamic schools are agreed that in the period of divorce the alimony and housing for the wife is obligatory to the husband ;because marriage relationship exists.Olso they are agreed that the divorced woman, if she became pregnant,she deserves the alimony and housing. The majority of schools believe that the woman who is in the period of dieing her husband doesn t deserve the alimony either she is pregnant or not. But according to the Imamia school her alimony is obligatory from the share of his children, and the civil law says: the alimony of the wife whose husband is died, if it isn t paied, must be paid from the assets of his relatives.