چكيده فارسي :
Dyes are a kind of organic compounds which can be carcinogens and toxic to aquatic life in environment that cause severe damage to human beings, while they enter to environment following their usage in textile, dyeing, electroplating, printing, tanneries, and related industries [1, 2]. Adsorption is highly preferred technique in view of its effectiveness, high efficiency, and economy, simplicity of design and ease of operation which are based for motivation of researchers to design new adsorbents with high adsorption capacity, regeneration properties and easy isolation from an aquatic environment [3, 4]. Furthermore, there are many problems with AC regeneration that can simply be removed by its modification with nanoscale materials that can simultaneously enhance the surface reactive atoms available, as well as their surface area and porosity [5]. The special properties of AC like high specific surface area, different pore size and distribution, surface properties and feasibility of modification via nanomaterial’s lead to improvement in their ability for removal of diverse material with lower cost in comparison to many other inorganic adsorbents such as zeolites, alumina, and silica [6]. Sometimes complicated matrices and analyte levels lower than detection limit restrict analytical scientist tasks and make emphasis on the researchers to perform preliminary separation and/or preconcentration stage to supply accurate and repeatable monitoring the analytes content. Accordingly, this lecture focuses on the easy synthesis, recovery, reusable and eco-friendliness of novel nanomaterials and its application in adsorption, biosorption and photo degradation process for the removal, preconcentration and determination of biologically and environmental important species likes drugs, pollutants, dyes and metal ions. Nowadays, the synthesis and application of nanostructure such as metal organic framework (MOF), biopolymer, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs), core–shell nanostructures and nanocomposites in presence of ultrasound wave and exploration of their properties have attracted attention from many branches of science such as physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Sequential optimization strategy, based on statistical experimental designs including Plackett–Burman and central composite designs with a desirability function was employed to optimize the operational parameters.
