Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and codeine using Pd nano particles supported on porous silicon flour modified ionic liquid carbon ceramic electrode

Acetaminophen (ACT, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol), commonly known as paracetamol, is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic medicine [1]. Codeine (COD), or methyl morphine, is an alkaloid belonging to the family of opiates naturally found in the poppy plant [2].COD has long been used as an effective analgesic and antitussive agent in pharmaceutical preparations. Electrochemical experiments were performed using AUTOLAB PGSTAT 30 electrochemical analysis system and GPES 4.9 software package (Eco Chemie. The Netherlands).A porous silicon/palladium nanostructure was prepared and used as a new electrode material for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen (ACT) and codeine (COD) [3-4]. Palladium nano particles were assembled on porous silicon (Psi) micro particles by a simple redox reaction between the Pd precursor and Psi in an aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid. This novel nano structure was characterized by different spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques including scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The high electrochemical activity, fast electron transfer rate, high surface area and good antifuling properties of this nano structure enhanced the oxidation peak currents and reduced the peak potentials of ACT and COD at the surface of the proposed sensor. Simultaneous determination of ACT and COD was explored using differential pulse voltammetry. A linear range of 0.1-30µmol L-1was achieved for ACT and COD with detection limit of 0.4 and 0.3 µmol L-1, respectively. Finally the proposed method was used for the determination of ACT and COD in blood serum, urine and pharmaceutical compounds.