Voltammetric Determination of Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride at Layered Double Hydroxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) is a phenothiazine drug with an aliphatic side chain, are widely used as therapeutic agents for treating various mental and personality disorders [1]. CPZ is used for controlling psychoses, including mania, schizophrenia, and several disturbed or agitated behavior; it is also used for the relief of nausea, vomiting, preoperative anxiety and intractable hiccups. The characteristics and determination of chlorpromazine were studied by using many methods including chromatography [2], electrophoresis [3], spectrophotometry [4], flow injection analysis [5] and electrochemistry [6]. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of ionic lamellar compounds made up of positively charged brucite-like layers with an interlayer region containing charge compensating anions and solvation molecules. The metal cations occupy the centers of edge sharing octahedral, whose vertexes contain hydroxide ions that connect to form infinite 2D sheets. The most widely studied LDHs contain both divalent and trivalent metal cations, a generic formula for these LDHs may be written as; [M2+ 1-xxM3+ x(OH)2][An−]x/n·zH2O, where M2+ may be common; Mg2+, Zn2+, or Ni2+ and M3+ may be common; Al3+, Ga3+, Fe3+, or Mn3+. An− is a nonframework charge compensating inorganic or organic anion, e.g. CO3 2-, Cl-, SO4 2- , RCO2 - and x is normally between 0.2−0.4. LDHs may also contain M+ and M4+ cations but these are limited to specific examples such as Li+ and Ti4+. The chemistry of LDHs is now widely studied and this is in part driven by the use of these materials as precursors for preparing CO2 adsorbents, catalysts, or directly as ion exchange hosts, fire 359 retardant additives, polymer/LDH nanocomposites, drug delivery hosts, and as cement additives [7].In this study NiAlLDH was electrochemically deposited on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The surface morphology and structure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. Its electrochemical properties were inspected by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry (CA), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The modified electrode was used for determination of CPZ in alkaline media (0.1 M NaOH). In optimum conditions the linear range of the proposed electrode was 1×10-3 - 1×10-9 M, with the detection limit of 1 nm. The electrode response stability in the presence of CPZ was determined with CA which was good. The response of the electrode in the presence of three important interferences i.e. dopamine, ascorbic acid and uric acid was obtained, which there was no considerable interfering effect. Finally, this electrode was used for determination of CPZ in a 50 mg CPZ tablet, which the recovery was 109%. According to ease of preparation, low cost, stability and wide linear range this electrode can be a good candidate for determination of CPZ.