در نظر گرفتن قرردادهاي همكاري در زنجيره تأمين مواد فسادپذير با استفاده از تئوري بازي ها

cooperation contracts in perishable supply chain using game theory

در ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺟﺰاء و ﺳﻄﻮح ﯾﮏ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻊ ﮐﻠﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻫﺪاف اﺟﺰاء و ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺟﻬﺖ رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﮐﻠﯽ زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ، ﺗﻀﺎد و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎت ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﻮد، ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﺧﺘﻠﺎﻟﺎت و ﺗﻨﺎﻗﻀﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮور زﻣﺎن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﺪرت و رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﺨﺶ از زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﻮاردي ﭼﻮن اﻧﺪازه دﺳﺘﻪ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺳﻔﺎرش، ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي و ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻣﻮارد ﻓﻮق در ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﭼﺎﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و در راﺳﺘﺎي ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ اﻫﺪاف ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ، ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮد. ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﺎت و ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﺑﯿﻦ خرده فروش و توليدﮐﻨﻨﺪه در زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪاي ﯾﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ اﺻﻮل رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﯽ ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻃﺮف را در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺌﻮري ﺑﺎزيﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻫﻤﮑﺎري ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ در زﻧﺠﯿﺮه ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺎدﻟﯽ ﺷﺪه، ﮐﻪ در آن اﻧﺪازه دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ، ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎدي، ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻤﺒﻮد و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ و ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. از سويي و از نگاه ديگر به زنجيره تأمين، زنجيره ‌تأمين كالاهاي فاسد ‌شدني همواره يكي از با اهميت‌ترين و چالش برانگيزترين مباحث مديريت زنجيره ‌تأمين در زمان‌هاي مختلف بوده است. طراحي مناسب زنجيره تامين تاثيرات بهينه اي بر عملكرد سيستم خواهد داشت همانطور كه طراحي نامناسب ميتواند مشكلات بسياري به بار آورد. فاسد شدن كالا علاوه بر اين‌كه از نظر اقتصادي باعث ضرر و زيان بنگاه‌ها مي‌شود، از لحاظ زيست‌محيطي نيز موجب افزايش ضايعات و در نتيجه آلودگي بيشتر محيط خواهد شد.

Many contradictions may be observed in different activities of components and levels of a supply chain to improve the general status of the system leading to power reduction and supply chain competitiveness. The interaction between two parts of supply chain and determining the factors such as the category size, amount of order, proposed price, and final price were studied. Each of these factors was discussed in the process of bargaining by the parties and the final contract was achieved in line with supplying the objectives of the both parties. There are many models in the field of solving problems related to interaction and cooperation between retailer and producer in supply chain considering many factors such as expenditure or the factors related to the principles of competition between the two parties. Using the game theory for creating cooperation between the two parties in supply chain led to a balanced point in which the size of optimal category proposed price shortage rate and final price were determined by considering the movement and consequence of both parties. On the other hand, the supply chain of perishable products has been always one of the most important and challenging issues of supply chain management at different times. The appropriate design of supply chain will have optimal effects on the system function while an inappropriate design can cause many problems. The perishable products cause economic loss to firms and increase the waste and environmental pollution.