چكيده فارسي :
A simple,rapid method was developed using acid hydrolysis and extraction by solvent and gas choromatography-mass spectroscopy for extraction and measurement of furfural in agricultural wastage. Agriculture wastage was used as renewable resource for furfural production. Furfural can be produced by the acid hydrolysis of pentosan from agriculture wastage. Futher dehydration reaction of pentoses yield furfural. In the two stage process (pre-hydrolysis and dehydration) for conversion of pentoses into furfural exhibited better yield. pre-hydrolysis is a determination step is suger release from cellulosic matrix of pistachio hull and consequently in furfural yield. Th e effects of different parameters, including: solid/liquid ratio, acid concentration in the pre-hydrolysis step, acid concentration in the dehydration step, particle sizes, pre-hydrolysis time and acid catalysis have been stadied. Optimal conditions for furfural production by acid hydrolysis were %3 acid concentration in the pre-hydrolysis step, %12.5 acid concentration in the dehydration step, solid/liquid ratio 1:42, particle sizes: 2-4 mm, pre-hydrolysis time: 60min, acid catalysis: H2SO4. GC-MS was used for furfurals.
