تاثير فلسفه تعليم و تربيت بر نظريه پردازان روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي

THE EFFECTS OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION ON PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EDUCATIONAL THEORISTS

تاثير فلسفه تعليم و تربيت بر روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي به صورت اجراي روشهاي فلسفي يا فعاليتهاي فلسفي در برخورد با مسائل تربيتي ظاهر مي گردد. ماهيت روان و تجرد آن، از جمله مسائلي است كه در فلسفه تعليم و تربيت و روان شناسي مطالعه مي شود. اين گونه مباحث در فلسفه، به منزله ي مباني نظري در شكل گيري نظريه هاي روان شناسي و علوم تربيتي ، به ويژه نظريه هاي يادگيري، تأثير بسزايي داشته اند. فيلسوفان با سلاح انديشه و به منظور دگرگون ساختن نظام اجتماعي با سنت ها و رسوم فرسوده ي كهن به مبارزه پرداخته، راه خوشبختي و رستگاري جامعه را در تغيير وضع موجود و پذيرفتن انديشه هاي مؤثر و كارآمد دانسته اند. بدين جهت آنچه بيش از همه دست خوش تغيير و تحول واقع مي گردد، نظام آموزشي و تربيتي جامعه است كه در برنامه هاي مدارس تجلي مي يابد و اصول و شيوه هاي جديد در اجراي برنامه هاي مربوط مطرح مي شود. روان شناسي وعلوم تربيتي يكي از مهمترين رشته هايي است كه به بحث و بررسي پيشرفت هاي درسي و نارسايي هاي تحصيلي شاگردان يا يادگيرندگان مي پردازند. آشنائي با فعاليتهاي فلسفي مانند تحليل مفاهيم و افكار و ارزيابي نظريات، ،تفسير حقايق و عقايد و چگونگي ارزشها براي معلم و شاگرد مفيد مي باشد.همچنين اين فعاليتها براي كشف راه هاي تازه و تعليم نظريات علمي سودمند مي باشد. ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ و تبيين تاثير ﻓﻠﺴﻔه تعليم و تربيت بر ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ متخصصان علوم ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺘﻲ است. ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜاتب فلسفي ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ، ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ .

The effect of the philosophy of education on psychology and educational sciences appears itself in the form of implementing philosophical methods or activities in dealing with educational issues. The nature of the mind and its immateriality is one of the topics studied in the philosophy of education and psychology. Such topics in philosophy have made a noticeable contribution, as theoretical fundamentals, to shaping psychological and educational theories, particularly theories of learning. With the belief that the prosperity and salvation of the society lies in changing the status quo and adopting effective ideas, philosophers have fought the old and timeworn traditions and customs, using the weapon of thought, in order to transform the existing social order. Therefore, what is most subject to change and development is the training and educational systems of the society that are manifest in school curricula, and new principles and practices are introduced in the implementation of relevant programs. Psychology and educational sciences are among the most important disciplines that discuss educational progress and academic failure of students and/or learners. A familiarity with philosophical activities such as analysis of concepts and thoughts, evaluation of theories, interpretation of facts and opinions, and description of values are useful for both teachers and students. These activities are also helpful for discovering new ways and teaching scientific theories. The purpose of the present paper is to examine and elucidate the effect of the philosophy of education on the theories of educationalists. In the end, valuable and useful effects of the schools of philosophy over the educational system and its elements will be discussed. This research employs a descriptive and analytical approach.