بررسي تعاملات در معماري سنتي و معماري معاصر با رويكرد ميان افزا

Studying Interactions between Traditional and Modern Architecture Based on Infill Approach

معماري سنتي ايران داراي ويژگي منحصر به فردي است كه ضمن توجه به مسائل زيبا شناختي و حفظ محيط زيست پاسخگوي نيازهاي اقليمي هر منطقه نيز بوده است فنون و قواعد به كار رفته در اين معماري بسياري از مفاهيم نوين در عرصه معماري پايدار را به وضوح دارد. دگرگوني و تغييرات سريع و فراگير معماري ايران به گونه اي است كه مي توان دريافت به يكباره گرايش به رويكردهاي سنتي معماري ايران دستخوش تغييرات گوناگوني شده كه اين تأثير بر اثر هجوم مدرنيزاسيون و ماشينيسم اتفاق افتاده است. از طرفي در دوران معاصر، عدم اتخاذ تدبير مناسب و فقدان عزم بازدارنده عوامـل فرسـودگي، منجر به افزايش وسـعت فرسـودگي هاي شـهري به خصوص در بافت هاي كهن شده است. در مقاله حاضر سعي شده با مطالعه و بررسي ويژگي هاي هر دوره به تعامل و وجوه مشترك اين دوران با يكديگر دست يابيم. طبق نتيجه مشاهده مي شود كه ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﺎري سنتي ايراني و ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ آن، ﮐﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ در آﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻏﻨﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ را دارد كه به نحو مطلوبي اين تعامل در ميان افزا رعايت شده كه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راهگشاي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻫﺎي اﻧﺮژي، ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ و رونق بافت و بناها و حفظ احترام و اصالت آنها و غيره ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﯿﺎري را ﺑﺮاي دوﻟﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. اﻟﺒﺘﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي ﺑﺎزﮔﺮداﻧﯽ اﯾﻦ اﺻﻮل و ﻫﻤﮕﺎم ﺳﺎزي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ و ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ اﻣﺮوزي اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﻠﯿﺪ ﺻﺮف از اﺻﻮل ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اي ﺟﺰ رﮐﻮد در ﺑﺮ ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ.

Traditional architecture of Iran has its own exclusive features which in addition to paying attention to aesthetic issues and environment protection, meets climatic needs of each area. The rules and technics used in the architecture have, clearly, most of new concepts developed in the field of sustainable architecture. Rapid and comprehensive changes in Iranian architecture are in a way that it can be seen that sudden tendency to architectural approaches of Iranian architecture has been manipulated and such changes are caused by modernization and machinism. On the other hand, in the modern era, not taking appropriate measures and lack of preventive intention of rusty factors have resulted in increased rusty areas of the cities especially in the old contextures. The aim of present paper is to study features of each era and investigate its interactions and similarities with other eras. Findings of the study indicated that returning to traditional architecture of Iran and paying attention to its concepts, which are originated from Islamic doctrines and rich culture of the land which has considered such interaction in infill state, appropriately, can be a solution for most difficulties and problems such as energy crises, environment destruction, booming contextures and monuments, keeping their authenticity and respect, which have caused various concerns for most governments and international communities. Such return, of course, means retrieving such rules and synchronization of them with new technologies and needs of modern society, not mere imitation of principles of past architecture, whichhave no result other than recession.