كاربرد تحليل پوششي داده هاي فازي در تعيين مسير بحراني با استفاده از معيارهاي زمان، هزينه، ريسك و كيفيت

Application of fuzzy data envelopment analysis to determine the critical path with the standards of the time, cost, risk and quality

در دنياي واقعي عوامل بسياري بر روي مسير بحراني تأثير مي‌گذارند. شناسايي مسير بحراني و شاخص‌هاي تأثيرگذار بر روي آن، در مديريت پروژه، نقش مهمي دارد. پژوهش حاضر از زمره پژوهش‌هاي توسعه‌اي است كه به كاربرد تحليل پوششي داده‌هاي فازي در كنترل پروژه و شناسايي مسير بحراني پرداخته شده است. در اين مقاله با بررسي عوامل تأثيرگذار بر روي پروژه و بهره‌گيري از تحليل پوششي داده‌هاي فازي، كارايي نسبي مسيرها تعيين گرديده؛ سپس بر اساس كارايي نسبي، مسير بحراني مشخص و مسيرها رتبه‌بندي شده‌اند. در انتها به تحليل مسيرها پرداخته شده و به مقايسه نتايج اين روش با روش تصميم‌گيري چند معياره پرداخته‌ايم. بهره‌گيري از كارايي نسبي براي مديران اين امكان را فراهم مي‌كند؛ تا بتوانند مسيرها را از لحاظ كارايي نسبي با يكديگر مقايسه كنند؛ به عدم اتلاف يا اتلاف منابع در مسير بحراني پي برند؛ و در سه حالت خوش‌بينانه، واقع‌بينانه و بدبينانه مسيرها را بررسي كنند و تصميم‌گيري نمايند. همچنين براي مديران قابليت محاسبه ميزان كاهش كارايي نسبي كل پروژه، درصورتي‌كه به اجبار يا دلخواه بخواهند مسير بحراني را تغيير دهند فراهم مي‌كند.

A critical path is the path through the series of events or activities that take the most time to reach and complete the final activity. The length of the critical path determines the duration of the project. Speeding up the activities in the critical path helps complete the project faster, and delays in completion of the activities in the critical path cause the project to suffer from time overrun. Critical path method is a project management technique used to predict project duration and, therefore, is useful for both project scheduling and resource planning. Project managers can shorten or at the least control a project s schedule by focusing on critical path tasks. In the real world, many factors affect the critical path. Considering the trade-offs between these factors is a difficult task in project scheduling and identify the critical path and impact indicators on it, plays an important role in the project management. Usually critical path is calculated based on time and it s floating with considering Prerequisites activities. This paper presents a model that does not rely only on time, cost and risk and quality together with time are considered as impact indicators to identify critical path. In this paper we examine mentioned factors that affect the project and with use of fuzzy data envelopment analysis model, the relative performance of paths specified, then based on the relative performance, the paths are ranked and critical path is identified. Finally, the paths are discussed and the results of this method are compared to the results of the multi-criteria decision-making methods.Using relative performance, provides for administrators, the ability of comparing the paths and realize loss or lack of resources in critical path and examine the paths in the case optimistically, realistic, pessimistic and make a decision. It also gives administrators the ability to calculate the performance decrease of the project to coercion or arbitrary if they want to change the critical path.