A Review of Current Trends and Development and application of electrochemical biosensor

The biosensors are based is, in general, common to chemical sensors. They may be also differentiated according to the biological elements used in the receptor. Those may be: organisms, tissues, cells, organelles, membranes, enzymes, antibodies, etc. The biosensors may have several enzymatic systems coupled which serve for amplification of the signal [1]. A chemical sensor is a device that transforms chemical information, ranging from the concentration of a specific sample component to total composition analysis, into an analytically useful signal. The chemical information, mentioned above, may originate from a chemical reaction of the analyte or from a physical property of the system investigated [2]. Electrochemistry provides a broad array of quantitative methods for detecting important analytes (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, metals) for personal and public health, clinical analysis, food and water quality, and environmental monitoring [3]. This statement is justified due to some of its advantageous features, such as high sensitivity and selectivity, moderate cost, portability, rapid responses, possibility of system miniaturization, and analysis of complex matrices [4,5]. This paper describes development of biosensor based sensing system that relies on electrochemical detection reporting an in the period 1948 till 2017 years.