The Investigation of urban landscape regarding different traditions of science philosophy, “the production of space” theory and influential forces on the scape

The concept of urban landscape faces many complexities and ambiguities. These ambiguities lead to misunderstandings between academic sources and professional society. The “scape” and “landscape” terms also have changed from their origin’. The term of “image” and concept of legibility makes it more complex. There are some disciplines referring to the concept of urban landscape. Each of these disciplines knows itself as the responsible of the urban landscape. This article tries to review the various literature of these two concepts counting the complexities of these terms. Reviewing these concepts shows that urban landscape definitions have been based upon “positivist” and “critical rationality” paradigms. According to these two approaches that urban landscape has been studied separately from society. The codification a new theoretical framework for urban landscape needs fundamental reviewing in these paradigms. A paradigm which considers “why” and “how” of the urban landscape, rather than describing it. The new definition should pay attention to the mechanisms and the basic structure of the urban landscape. In this line, the article uses the paradigm of “scientific realism” to codifying the theory of urban landscape. Referring to Lefebvre’s production of space, comprehensive framework is achieved by using phenomenology and semeiotic approach. According to these two approaches, “urban landscape is not subject nor objects”, but the output of a social fact conceived by users in a phenomenological and semiotic relation dynamically. Then, the urban landscape is divided into three categories which are produced and reproduced by influential forces on the urban landscape.