كليدواژه :
قرآن , علوم انساني , نظريهپردازي , روششناسي , مباني فلسفه , اخلاق , فقه
چكيده لاتين :
Abstract
The fundamental changes in the west, followed by a new generation of intellectuals, have been the background of the emergence of humanities. Humanities have had the role of an advanced, leading and guiding propeller in the world in general and in the Western world in particular. The prevailing humanities are the product of the fundamental and philosophical attitudes of Western scholars. Western scholars believed that now that human beings have discovered the laws governing nature, why it cannot recognize the laws governing humankind. Thus, sociology, anthropology, history, and so on appeared in the long list of sciences. By the way, the humanities and the social sciences we are dealing with today have strong philosophical backings that have been formed over the centuries and are largely rooted in the Enlightenment, whose milestones should be found in works such as: A Philosophical Review of the Successive Advances of the Human Mind by Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Principles of a New Science by Robert Vico, a ‘Plan of a Historical Perspective on the Advancement of the Man s Mind from the Slumdog, The spirit of the Laws by Montesquieu, Saint-Simon’s Philosophical Economic Views, Adam Smith s Economic Theories, Philosophical Views of David Hume, Hegel s philosophy, Karl Marx s Materialistic view, and philosophical views of August Kent and ...
But if one does not believe in the Western worldview, its implications cannot be accepted, and thus a fundamental question arises as to what the human sciences have according to the Holy Qur an what are the implications? The current research tries to study the theoretical imperatives in humanities using the conventional method of Qur anic commentary and using the capacity of the method of qualitative analysis in humanities.
The result of this study is that the theorization in humanities, based on the Holy Qur an, has the implications that the extraction of foundations at multiple levels is one of the most important ones.
In a general view, the foundations are divided into four ‘basic’, ‘general’, ‘particular’ and ‘specific’ categories. Each of them have their own subcategories. The basic category discusses about (ontology, [theology], epistemology, methodology, and religion). The general category discusses about: (cosmology (nature), anthropology, sociology, cultural studies, ecology). The particular category discusses about (social system, political system, economic system) and the specific deals with (the foundations of the family system in Islam, the basics of Islamic banking, etc.).
It is true that philosophical foundations are mainly achieved through philosophical and rational reflections, but human intellect without the aid of the revelatory teachings of the Holy Qur an, in particular, cannot recognize its existence and its place in the world of humanity.
And it goes without saying that any kind of theorization in human sciences requires a proper understanding of the foundations (theology, cosmology, and anthropology) that, in a systematic view, will show its effects on the values of behavioral sciences and psychology.
Thus, any theorization in the field of human sciences depends on the philosophical (cognitive), moral (value requirements) and jurisprudential (desirable norms and behaviors) that cannot be realized without reference to the Holy Qur an.
Keywords: The Quran, humanities, theorization, methodology, foundations of philosophy, ethics, jurisprudence.
