predict the maximum efficiency of the PEM fuel cell

The maximum efficiency of the PEM fuel cell and the reversible voltage for the hydrogen/oxygen reaction used in the fuel cell with porous electrode is investiget in this work. This is the maximum voltage possible given consideration of the second law of thermodynamics. the maximum efficiency of a hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell is approximately 83% efficient at 25 °C. There are three contributors to the irreversibility of energy conversion in a fuel cell, and they are ohmic losses , mass transport losses , and limitations in the kinetics of the reaction or activation losses (the rate of electrocatalysis is finite, which is especially true at the cathode in a PEM fuel cell). In actual operation, these irreversibilities cause the fuel cell to be substantially less efficient than the efficiency predicted.