ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﻘﺮاض آب ﻫﺎي داﺧﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ IUCN

review of fishes at the risk of extinction of Iran freshwater fishes according to the IUCN red list

ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻬﺮه دارداﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ي وﺟﻮد ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و اﻣﺮوز ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﺳﯽ ﻫﺰارﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﺮه دار ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻧﺼﻒ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﻬﺮه داران زﻧﺪه را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ. در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت آﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﯽ از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﯾﺎﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ در 19 ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﯾﺰ اﯾﺮان ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻟﯿﺴﺖ ﺳﺮخ ، IUCN 16 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن داﺧﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ اﻧﻘﺮاض ﻫﺴـﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ 6 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از آن ﻫﺎ در وﺿـﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﯽ (CR) ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ و 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ در و ﺿﻌﯿﺖ آ ﺳﯿﺐ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ (VU) ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ 10 ﻋﻀﻮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﺮ را دارا ﺳﺖ. 5 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﺎس ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن (ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﺎوﯾﺎري) و 1ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻟﻮچ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺻﯿﺪ ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ، ﺳد سازي ﺑﺮ روي رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ زﯾﺴﺖ ﮔﺎه ﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﺪود، ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ آب، ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﯽ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻋﻠﻤﯽ و ﻫﺠﻮم ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ زﯾﻠﯽ (ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ارزش زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ آﻧﺎن داراي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر اﺳﺖ.

Fishes are the most elemental vertebrates that have come into existence, and today they are the largest group of vertebrates by forming more than thirty thousand species, slightly more than half the number of vertebrates living. In our country, due to the presence of different aquatic environments various species of fish, can be found in 19 rivers in Iran. According to the IUCN Red List, 16 species of Iran freshwater fishes are at risk of extinction, of which 6 are critical (CR) and 10 are vulnerable (VU). The carp family has 10 most commonly endangered species. 5 species of sturgeon family and 1 species are also members of the Luch fish family. Several factors such as overexploitation, building dams on the rivers, degradation of habitats, limited dispersal, water harvesting, drought, scientific sampling and attacking of invader species (such as Tilapia zilli) have endangered the populations of these fishes. Therefore, conservation of these fishes is very important due to their ecological value.