ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻢ ﮔﻼﯾﻔﻮزﯾﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر آﺑﺸﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ (Cyprinus carpio)

Effects of Glyphosate on gill structure of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

ﺳﻤﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﻤﻮم ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮف ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ آﺑﺰﯾﺎن دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﻤﯿﺖ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﯽ ﺑﺮد. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻔﮑﺶ ﮔﻼﯾﻔﻮزﯾﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر آﺑﺸﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﭙﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺳﻢ ﮔﻼﯾﻔﻮزﯾﺖ (10 ،5 و 20 درﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺸﻨﺪه (20/05mg/l)) و ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻃﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﯿﺨﮏ ﺑﯿﻬﻮش ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، آﺑﺸﺶ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ روش اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ﺑﺮش ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و اﺛﺮات ﻫﯿﺴﺘﻮﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪات، آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻓﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﯿﭙﺮﭘﻼزي و ﻫﯿﭙﺮﺗﺮوﻓﯽ ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي آﺑﺸﺸﯽ، واﮐﻮﺋﻠﻪ ﺷﺪن ﻻﻣﻼﯾﯽ، ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪن ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي اﭘﯿﺘﻠﯿﻮم از ﻏﺸﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﭼﻤﺎﻗﯽ ﺷﺪن اﻧﺘﻬﺎي رﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ، اﯾﺠﺎد ﺳﯿﻨﻮس ﺧﻮﻧﯽ، ادم ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﻻﻣﻼي اوﻟﯿﻪ و ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ، ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ، ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ و ﻧﮑﺮوز رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺳﻢ، اﺛﺮات آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ آﺑﺸﺶ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮات از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ و ﻧﮑﺮوز در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ( 20 درﺻﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺸﻨﺪه) ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﯿﻮﻣﺎرﮐﺮﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺛﺮات ﭘﺎﺗﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه ﺳﻢ ﮔﻼﯾﻔﻮزﯾﺖ ﺟﺰ ﺳﻤﻮم ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي آﺑﺰﯾﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

Agricultural pesticides are one of the most toxic pesticides that have a significant impact on aquatic organisms, pathological indicators can be used to determine their toxicity. In this study effects of different concentrations of glyphosate on Cyprinus carpio investigated. Specimens were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate (5, 10, and 20 % of LC50 96hr (20.05mg/l)) and control group for one week. Then the fish were anesthetized by clove, gills were removed and then histological sections were prepared using standard histology method and histopathologic effects were studied. According to the observations, tissue damages including hyperplasia and hypertrophy of gill cells, vacuolation, epithelium cells lifting in secondary lamella, club-shaped of lamellae, aneurism, edema, adhesion of secondary filaments and degenerative and necrotic changes of gill filaments and secondary lamellae was observed. With increased glyphosate concentration gill pathological alterations were higher, so that the most severe effects including adhesion and necrosis were observed in third treatment (20% LC50). Therefore, these pathological indicators can be used as biomarkers. According to the pathological effects, glyphosate is introduced as a toxin with severe effects on animal aquatic tissues.