ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﭘﺮورش ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ

A review of the ecological implications of Tilapia culture

از آﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺸﺘﺎب ورزي ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ دو ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و داﻣﭙﺮوري ﺑﺎزده ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻫﺪر رﻓﺖ ارز و اﻧﺮژي در آن ﮐﻤﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ، اﻣﺮوزه در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ دارد. ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ دارد؛ در ﮐﺸﺘﺎب ورزي ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻮده ﮐﻪ از ﻃﯿﻒ وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﻣﻮاد ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه ﮔﻮﻧﻪي Oreochromis niloticus راﯾﺞ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮورش داده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﭘﺮورش ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺮي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎي اوﻟﯿﻪ (EIA) ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﺑﺮوز ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ، ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ، ﻏﻨﯽ ﺳﺎزي ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ و ... ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ آﯾﺪ. ﺟﻬﺖ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ،ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪ ﻫﺎ ﻃﯿﻔﯽ ار راﻫﮑﺎر ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد ﮐﻪ از آن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﮐﻮاﭘﻮﻧﯿﮏ .ﮔﺮﯾﻦ واﺗﺮ و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن آﺑﺰي در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎي وﯾﮋهي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ را ﻧﺎم ﺑﺮد.

Since aquaculture have much more returns and less waste of energy and money than agriculture and pastoralism, nowadays food production in many countries focus on this industry. Tilapia is important because of its high adaptability. Tilapia is a hydrothermal species which feeds high range of food. Oreochromis niloticus is the most common species of Tilapia that is cultivated in different countries. Tilapia culture, like other species introduced as a new species in a region, requires a series of initial studies (EIA) to prevent occurrence of consequences such as genetic contamination, introduction problems, water resources enrichments and so on. To reduce such consequences, a range of strategies is recommended, including the use of technologies such as aquaponic, green water and aquatic plants, along with special studies on the introduction of a species recommended by FAO.