ﻣﺮوري ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﻓﺰودﻧﯽ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﺟﯿﺮه ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰل آﻻي رﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺎن ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

(A review of the use of plant Additives on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss

ﺻﻨﻌﺖ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﯾﮑﯽ از رو ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ. در ﺣﺎل ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺣﺪود بيست درﺻﺪ از ﺳﻬﻢ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯽ ﮐﻞ ﺟﻬﺎن از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آﺑﺰﯾﺎن ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷــﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ و ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰل آﻻ در ﮐﺸــﻮر در دو دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ رﺷــﺪ ﺑﯽ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ اي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﮐﺸﻮر ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﭘﺮورش در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد اﺳﺘﺮس در آﺑﺰﯾﺎن ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ, ﺳﻮد آور و داراي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ را در ﺳﻼﻣﺘﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ.در ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ از ﻣﻮاد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ زﯾﺎدي ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و درﻣﺎن ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن و ﮔﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺗﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ آﻧﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﯿﮏ در ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ، آﺳﯿﺐ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﯾﺠﺎد ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ رو اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮاد اﻓﺰودﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ و اﯾﻤﻨﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮ ﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳــــﺖ. ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از اﻓﺰودﻧﯽ ﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﻗﺰل آﻻي رﻧﮕﯿﻦ كمان (oncorhynchus mykiss) اﺷﺎره ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ.

the aquaculture industry is one of the fastest growing food products in the world today. about 20% of the animal protein in the whole world is provided from aquatic. In this case reproduction and breeding of trout has grown unprecedentedly in two recent decades in our country and considered as one of the main bases of aquaculture industry. Development of aquaculture and increasing breeding density in pools and as a result creating stress in aquatic animal aquaculture should be effective and profitable with minimum environmental impact. Nutrition plays an important role in fish health and resistance to disease. In recent years many chemicals have been used to prevent and treat fishes and occasionally as growth stimulants that materials can cause problems such as creation antibiotic resistant bacteria in fish and transmission this resistant bacteria to humans as consumers of fish, environmental problems and increased production costs. Therefore، the use plant additive has been considered as stimulant for growth and immunity, so in this article, some of the plant additives in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) will be mentioned.