ﻣﮑﺎن ﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎي ﻧﯿﻞ در اﯾﺮان: ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ و ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي

Exploring the potential for farming Nile Tilapia in Iran: assessing possible environmental risks and economic benefits

ﺑﺮ اﺳــﺎس ﮔﺰارش FAOﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺮورﺷــﯽ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ، ﺧﺼــﻮﺻــﺎً ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ ﻧﯿﻞ، ﺑﻪ رﺷــﺪ ﺳــﺮﯾﻊ ﺧﻮد اداﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ اﮐﻨﻮن ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ ﻣﻘﺎم دوم آﺑﺰﯾﺎن ﭘﺮورﺷـــﯽ را ﭘﺲ از ﮐﭙﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼـــﺎص داده اﺳـــﺖ. اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﻪ اين ماهي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﺎزي و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در آﺑﺎن 87 وارد ﮐ ﺸﻮر ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺳ ﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺑﺎﻓﻖ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. از آن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮن ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎت ﻓﺮاوان ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﯿﻼﺗﯽ اﯾﺮان، ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺷﯿﻼت و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾ ﺴﺖ اﯾﺮان در ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ و ﻣﻀﺮات ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ وﺟﻮد دا ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻄﻮرﯾﮑﻪ ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺎر ﻣﮑﺘﻮب ﺷﺪن ﻣﺠﻮز ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ در ده ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﻖ وﻟﯽ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳـــﺖ اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯿﺴـــﺖ ﮐﻪ روزاﻧﻪ 142000 دلار ﺻـــﺮف ﺧﺮﯾﺪ ﻓﯿﻠﻪ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎي وارداﺗﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺷــﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺸــﻮري ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎي ﻧﯿﻞ در آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﺟﻬﺎن، روﻧﺪ آﺗﯽ، ارزش اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ ﻣ ﺼﺮف آﺑﺰﯾﺎن در اﯾﺮان، راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾ ﺴﺖ و ﻟﺰوم ﮐﺎﻫﺶ واردات و ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﺷﺎره ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ دوﺳﺘﺪاران ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ داده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد.

According to FAO, world production of farmed tilapias, especially Nile tilapia, continues to grow rapidly, such that farmed tilapias are now ranked second in the total production of farmed fish, after the carps. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was introduced to Iran in November 2008 and held at the National Center for Saline Aquatics at Bafgh for research and broodstock development. Since then, there has been controversy between the Iran Fisheries Organization (IFO)/Iran Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSR) and the Department of Environment (DOE) over the pros and cons of farming tilapias in Iran. On four occasions the DOE.gave written authorization for production in ten farms in the Bafgh area, but this was always stopped. Iran currently imports tilapia fillets at a daily cost of 142000 USD. This paper discusses the current and likely future contributions of Nile tilapia to world aquaculture production, its potential roles in increasing fish consumption and reducing fish imports, and methods of farming tilapias in Iran that are consistent with preservation of the environment, as well addressing other environmental concerns.