ﭘﺮورش ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ در اﯾﺮان: ﻧﺎﺟﯽ آﺑﺰيﭘﺮوري ﯾﺎ ﻣﺨﺮب ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ

Tilapia Farming in Iran: Savior of Aquaculture or Destroyer of Environment

ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎﻫﺎ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺳــﯿﮑﻠﯿﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﻫﻔﺘﺎد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ده ﮔﻮﻧﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮورﺷــﯽ اﺳــﺖ. ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮور ﺷﯽ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎي ﻧﯿﻞ، آﺑﯽ و ﻣﻮزاﻣﺒﯿﮏ و دورﮔﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎي ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﻣﯽﺑﺎ شد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰاﯾﺎي ﭘﺮور ﺷﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ، ﺗﻔﺎوت و وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺮورش اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﺮ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، ﺑﺮﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ذﮐﺮ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎﯾﯽ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ در ﺧﺼﻮص اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﯿﺶ از ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ آن و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ از ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ دﻗﯿﻘﯽ از اﮐﻮﺳــﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ ﺷــﺪه ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آن از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎﯾﯽ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷــﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﭻ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و رﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ را دا ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ ﺗﻮ ﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﭘﺮورش ﺗﯿﻼﭘﯿﺎ ﺑﺠﺎي ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪن در ر ﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد

Tilapia is a group of Cichlidae family fishes with more than seventy species, which nearly ten species are cultured worldwide. Nile, Blue and Mozambique Tilapia and Red Tilapia hybrids are the most commercially important species. In this paper, the benefits of tilapia species aquaculture and the biological and ecological characteristics of species are discussed. It has also been attempted to highlight the impact of tilapia aquaculture on natural ecosystems and indigenous species, on freshwater resources and the aquaculture industry in Iran, with examples from other countries. Recommendations have also been made to conduct environmental impact assessment studies before introduction of any tilapias as well as the appropriate species were purposed for Iran condition. The results of research show that with thoroughly study of aquatic ecosystems, it would be possible to select appreciate tilapia species with least niche overlapping and competition with indigenous species. Ultimately, it is recommended that the discussion on the development of Tilapia aquaculture should be discussed in the scientific community rather than in the media.