Combination of Graphene Oxide, Chitosan, Cyclodextrin Nanosponge and Ionic Liquid as a Magnetic Heterogeneous Nano Catalyst for Pd-Catalyzed Reactions

In continuation of our effort to demonstrate the use of cyclodextrin nanosponge (CDNS) as a support for embedding catalytic species [1], a hybrid of graphene oxide (GO), chitosan (CS), CDNS and ionic liquid (IL) was used as a support to embed Fe3O4/Pd nanoparticles. Also, the unique properties of graphene for the catalytic active species has been proved [2]. The obtained catalyst, Fe3O4/Pd@Hybrid could promote hydrogenation and ligand and copper free Heck and Sonogashira coupling reactions under mild reaction condition. All hydrogenation, Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions proved high to excellent yields of the products in short reaction time. The result of this study confirmed that the catalytic activity of Fe3O4/Pd@Hybrid was superior to that of Pd@CDNS-IL, Pd@GO, Pd@CS and Pd@Go-CS due to the synergetic effect between the components of the hybrid system. Moreover, Fe3O4/Pd@Hybrid exhibited negligible Pd leaching after several reaction runs.