مناسب ترين گزينه بازسازي زمين هاي استخراج شده در معادن كم عمق و وسيع در مجاورت مناطق شهري (مطالعه موردي)

the most appropriate alternative of post mining land use in shallow and vast surface mine (case study)

بازسازي زمين هاي استخراج شده معدني از جمله مسائل زيست محيطي مربوط به معادن در دوران بهره برداري و پس از پايان معدنكاري مي باشد. روش هاي مختلفي براي بازسازي معادن مرسوم مي باشند كه عوامل مختلف محيطي و طبيعي همچون توپوگرافي، شيب، اكولوژي منطقه، زمين شناسي، شرايط سكنه و خواص مهندسي بر هركدام از روش هاي بازسازي تأثير گذارند. در اين تحقيق موارد استفاده زمين هاي استخراج شده شامل جنگل كاري و حيات وحش، جاذبه هاي توريستي، كشاورزي، واحدهاي مسكوني، مؤسسات آموزشي، تجاري و صنعتي و پركردن توسط زباله ها و نخاله هاي شهرداري مي باشند كه با توجه به معيارهاي فرهنگي و طبيعي، با استفاده از فرآيند تصميم گيري سلسله مراتبي مورد بررسي قرار گرفتند. پس از بررسي هاي انجام شده، پركردن توسط رباله ها و نخاله هاي شهرداري به عنوان گزينه مناسب به منظور بازسازي معادن با توجه به عوامل مختلف طبيعي و فرهنگي پيشنهاد گرديد.

The reliability of the actual results of a mined land reclamation program in practice, is one of the most important criteria with regard to the success of an environmental plan of a mining project. Different many effective factors in this regard have been previously developed in two categories including natural and cultural criteria by some of researchers, such as; engineering, soil and agricultural properties, topography, slope, elevation, regional ecology, geology and the situation of the residential areas. On the other hand, selecting the optimal alternative amongst the possible choices is one of the most effective parameters on the reliability of the result. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods have been successfully developed in this regard before by many of researchers. In this research, different possible alternatives of post mining land use (PMLU) are presented for mined land reclamation program with respect of the case study. The possible alternatives include; forestry, wild life habitat, tourism attraction, agriculture, industrial zone, commercial activities complex and municipal waste dumping area. Analytical Hierarchy Processing (AHP) has been also applied as one of MCDM methods to choose the best choice of PMLU in the case study. Municipal waste dumping area was finally selected as the first prior PMLU in the case study. As, the case study focuses on a mined land reclamation program for a shallow surface mine adjacent to an urban area, the selected alternative is emphatically useful for having an environmental plan based on sustainable development programs in a mining project.