Effect of heavy metal on growth and reproductive of live foods

Effect of heavy metal on growth and reproductive of live foods

Live food in marine and fresh water ecosystems has an important role in aquatic food webs, most of fishes and larvae prefer live foods, because of its self-digesting nature, being fresh and stimulating nature. Assimilation of metal ions by aquatic organisms with high concentration increase mortality. Also low concentration of heavy metals has chronic effects like decrease reproduction and growth. Due to toxicity of dissolved metal ions in water, some researchers have investigated the toxicity effects of heavy metals on aquatic organism and assay their tolerable levels to heavy metals. In these studies live foods like brine shrimp, small crustaceans, rotifer, copepods and others were exposed to various concentrations of heavy metals and toxicity levels were evaluated. As for example micro algae tolerated zinc metal concentrations below 50 ppm and Artemia franciscana showed reduced significantly growth at 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 mg/l Nickel and Vanadium concentrations. Therefore, it seems that much more studies are necessary to understand the relationship between aquatic live foods and their tolerance range for heavy metals.

Live food in marine and fresh water ecosystems has an important role in aquatic food webs, most of fishes and larvae prefer live foods, because of its self-digesting nature, being fresh and stimulating nature. Assimilation of metal ions by aquatic organisms with high concentration increase mortality. Also low concentration of heavy metals has chronic effects like decrease reproduction and growth. Due to toxicity of dissolved metal ions in water, some researchers have investigated the toxicity effects of heavy metals on aquatic organism and assay their tolerable levels to heavy metals. In these studies live foods like brine shrimp, small crustaceans, rotifer, copepods and others were exposed to various concentrations of heavy metals and toxicity levels were evaluated. As for example micro algae tolerated zinc metal concentrations below 50 ppm and Artemia franciscana showed reduced significantly growth at 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 mg/l Nickel and Vanadium concentrations. Therefore, it seems that much more studies are necessary to understand the relationship between aquatic live foods and their tolerance range for heavy metals.