كليدواژه :
رباط شرف , معماري , تزئينات آجري و گچي , حفاظت و گردشگري
چكيده فارسي :
چكيده رباط شرف يكي از بناهاي مهم دوره سلجوقي است كه به واسطه دارا بودن طرحي كم نظيراز نوع دو حياطه براي پلان آن و تزئينات آجري و گچي متعلق به عصري با هزار سال قدمت از ارزش و اهميت بسياري برخوردار و مورد توجه بوده است. اين بنا از لحاظ تزئينات آجركاري همانند ساير بناهاي دوره سلجوقي؛ ممتاز بوده و به همين سبب به موزه آجر كاري شهرت يافته است. فرم كلي اين رباط از دور به يك قلعه بزرگ شبيه است كه بعد از روستاي شورلق، در ميان تپه ها و گستره دشت پديدار مي گردد. اين بنا داراي 2صحن بوده كه هريك 4 ايوان دارد. همچنين آجر چيني و كتيبه‌هاي آن جلوه خاصي به بنا داده است. اين كاروانسرا يكي از بناهايي است كه در معماري ايران جايگاه ويژه‌‌اي دارد. رعايت دقيق و همه جانبه تناسبات و اصول معماري ايراني در طراحي و ساخت و به كارگيري طرح‌هاي آجرچيني متنوع و بديع در نماي ايوان‌ها، طاق‌ها، طاقچه‌ها و گنبدها عناصري هستند كه بنا را شبيه به يك عمارت قصرگونه مي‌كند. گچبري‌هاي رباط شرف از جالب‌ترين نمونه‌هاي اين هنر در سده ششم هجري است تا جايي كه كتيبه‌هاي حاشيه محراب‌هاي دو نمازخانه آن، با بهترين كتيبه‌هاي محراب‌هاي مساجد ايران، از لحاظ زيبايي و طرح برابري مي‌كنند. وجود كتيبه‌هاي گچي و طرح‌هاي آجرچيني در بقيه كاروانسراها مرسوم نبوده است. ممتاز بودن بنا در نوع خود قابل ستايش بوده و به همين سبب سعي شده تا در آستانه ثبت جهاني جاده ابريشم و به عنوان اولين منزل در ورود به ايران، از مرز تركمنستان، به شناخت و معرفي و پيشنهاداتي جهت حفاظت و احياي آن در راستاي حضور گردشگر پرداخته شود. مطالعه حاضر با بهره گيري از مطالعات ميداني، پژوهش¬هاي معماري و باستان¬شناسي به تشريح ويژگي¬هاي معماري و تزئينات وابسته به معماري بناي تاريخي رباط شرف به عنوان منزلگاهي مجلل در مسير جاده ابريشم پرداخته تا با ارائه پيشنهاداتي به حفظ آن ياري رساند. روش پژوهش؛ تاريخي-تحليلي بوده و جمع آوري داده ها در آن با استفاده از منابع كتابخانه اي و بررسي¬هاي ميداني صورت گرفته است.
چكيده لاتين :
Rabat Sharaf is one of the most important monuments of the Seljuk period, due to its low level of design, the type of two grounds for its plan, and brick and brick decoration belonging to an era with a thousand years of worthy and important importance. In terms of decorative bricks, it is the same as that of other Seljuk period buildings and has been renowned for the Museum of Brickwork. The overall form of this ligament is from far to a large castle that appears after the village of Shurlagh, among the hills and plain plain. The building has 2 courtyards, each with 4 verandahs. Chinese bricks and sculptures also have a special effect. This inn is one of the buildings that has a special place in Iranian architecture.This karvanserai is one of the buildings that has a special place in Iranian architecture. Accurate and comprehensive observance of the principles and principles of Iranian architecture in the design and construction and implementation of bricklaying varied and exquisite in the view of the porches, arches, niches and domes are elements that are similar to a mansion. The Rabat Sharaf moldings are one of the most interesting examples of this art in the sixth century AH, where the scrolls on the margins of the altar of its two chapels, with the best inscriptions of the altar of the mosques of Iran, are in terms of beauty and design. The existence of gypsy inscriptions and brickwork in the rest of the caravansaries has not been customary.Investigating and studying the phenomenon of the road is one of the most important determinants of understanding the evolution and transformation of cultures and understanding of history and art and culture of ethnic groups, nations and historical events. Historical movements and important historical events were inevitably formed on the pavement. In the meantime, road-related facilities such as bridges, guideways and the remnants of roads built, and in particular caravansaries as road houses, have a special place. One of these important moves in history is the emigration of Imam Reza (as) from Medina to Merv, and the presence of an attractive caravanserai in the direction of the emigration of Imam Reza (AS) is one of the most important and memorable buildings. What is seen today in the present building is the Timurid, Safavid, and Qajar periods, But evidence suggests its creation on older remains. The relative position and relative health of the building makes it more distinct and exploitable than other similar buildings. For this reason, the present research, by finding the strengths of the building and utilizing field studies and architectural and archaeological studies, describes the habitat and the anatomical structure of the livelihood as one of the important homes in the path of Imam Reza (AS) migration. Performing basic studies on the feasibility of restoring different caravansaries offers a good pattern for reviving this complex and offers a place for pilgrims and adjacent companions to introduce a multi-user community. The research type is applied and the research method is historical, analytical and comparative, and data collection is done using library resources and field studies.
