Early Diagnosis and Efficient Treatment of Cancers by Smart Targeting of Cancer Cells

Cancer, a complex disease at different aspects, is characterized by irregular and uncontrolled cells growth and proliferation. While significant methods have been developed for the diagnosis and the treatment of cancer during the last few decades, but it remains one of the main causes of death [1]. One of the major challenges of cancer treatment is the early diagnosis for effective treatment and reduction of cancer mortality. Therefore, the development of a sensitive method for diagnosing this disease is very important. Such methods should facilitate the early diagnosis of cancers and increase the patient s survival rate [2]. In this seminar, the recent advances and findings of our research team in the both fields of early diagnosis and efficient treatment of cancers will be presented. To develop the novel strategies for the early diagnosis of cancers as the most vital key in the efficient treatment of cancers, the application of new nanostructures including, carbon dots, graphene nanosheets, metallic nanoclusters and their smart deliveries to cancer cells for developing and prompting the performances of various diagnosis tools including, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fluorescence imaging (FI) and electrochemical Biosensors has been investigated [2-5]. Furthermore, for the efficient treatment of cancers using chemotherapy and radiotherapy, some novel approaches for the smart targeting of cancer cells and hypoxic regions of tumours and smart delivery of anti-cancer drugs and various radiosensitizer including gold nanoparticle and nanoclusters have been investigated [6]